Exploring the Adsorption of Pb on Microalgae-Derived Biochar: A Versatile Material for Environmental Remediation and Electroanalytical Applications

Biochar, a carbon material obtained by pyrolysis of biomasses, is increasingly applied in environmental remediation and sensing thanks to its functional properties, cost-effectiveness eco-friendliness. The adsorption capacity biochar, strictly dependent on specific surface area, heteroatom doping groups, crucial for these applications. Here, biochar produced at low temperature (350 °C) from marine microalga (Nannochloropsis sp.) proposed as an efficient adsorbent lead (II) ions aqueous solution; this production strategy promotes the natural self-doping without requiring harsh conditions. kinetics thermodynamics process, well effect pH, ionic strength dissolved organic matter efficiency were systematically assessed. microalgae-derived shows superior performances compared nutshell-derived one (used reference lignocellulosic feedstocks) under all tested was finally used decorate screen-printed electrodes improve electroanalytical towards voltammetric detection ions. A two-fold increase sensitivity unmodified electrode enhanced electron transfer properties provided biochar. These results highlight potentialities